Mean Variance Optimization

Mean Variance Optimization (MVO) is a well-established but rigorous technique used in managing financial portfolios. However, the covariance calculated by MVO often contains estimation errors. To address this, the Ledoit-Wolf Shrinkage operator is frequently recommended. This approach is used as a baseline in this paper(https://icaps23.icaps-conference.org/papers/finplan/FinPlan23_paper_4.pdf) First, I will explain Mean Variance Optimization, and then I will discuss the Ledoit-Wolf Shrinkage operator, which is an improved version of MVO. Minimize risks(variances) by given returns import numpy as np import yfinance as yf import scipy....


